Science

Yurko-Mauro K, McCarthy D, Rom D, Nelson EB, Ryan AS, Blackwell A, Salem N Jr, Stedman M; MIDAS Investigators

Background
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an important role in neural function. Decreases in plasma DHA are associated with cognitive decline in healthy elderly adults and in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Higher DHA intake is inversely correlated with relative risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The potential benefits of DHA supplementation in age-related cognitive decline (ARCD) have not been fully examined.
Objective
Determine effects of DHA administration on improving cognitive functions in healthy older adults with ARCD.
Methods
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical study was conducted at 19 U.S. clinical sites. A total of 485 healthy subjects, aged greater than or equal to 55 with Mini-Mental State Examination greater than 26 and a Logical Memory (Wechsler Memory Scale III) baseline score greater than or equal to 1 standard deviation below younger adults, were randomly assigned to 900 mg/d of DHA orally or matching placebo for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the CANTAB Paired Associate Learning (PAL), a visuospatial learning and episodic memory test.
Results
Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated significantly fewer PAL six pattern errors with DHA versus placebo at 24 weeks (difference score, −1.63 ± 0.76 [−3.1, −0.14, 95% CI], P = .03). DHA supplementation was also associated with improved immediate and delayed Verbal Recognition Memory scores (P less than .02), but not working memory or executive function tests. Plasma DHA levels doubled and correlated with improved PAL scores (P less than .02) in the DHA group. DHA was well tolerated with no reported treatment-related serious adverse events.
Conclusions
Twenty-four week supplementation with 900 mg/d DHA improved learning and memory function in ARCD and is a beneficial supplement that supports cognitive health with aging.