Science

James V. Pottala, PhD, Kristine Yaffe, MD, Jennifer G. Robinson, MD, MPH, Mark A. Espeland, PhD, Robert Wallace, MD, MSc and William S. Harris, PhD

Objective: To test whether red blood cell (RBC) levels of marine omega-3 fatty acids measured in the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study were related to MRI brain volumes measured 8 years later.
Methods: RBC eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and MRI brain volumes were assessed in 1,111 postmenopausal women from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. The endpoints were total brain volume and anatomical regions. Linear mixed models included multiple imputations of fatty acids and were adjusted for hormone therapy, time since randomization, demographics, intracranial volume, and cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Results: In fully adjusted models, a 1 SD greater RBC EPA 1 DHA (omega-3 index) level was correlated with 2.1 cm3 larger brain volume (p 5 0.048). DHA was marginally correlated (p 5 0.063) with total brain volume while EPA was less so (p 5 0.11). There were no correlations between ischemic lesion volumes and EPA, DHA, or EPA 1 DHA. A 1 SD greater omega-3 index was correlated with greater hippocampal volume (50 mm3, p 5 0.036) in fully adjusted models. Comparing the fourth quartile vs the first quartile of the omega-3 index confirmed greater hippocampal volume (159 mm3, p 5 0.034).
Conclusion: A higher omega-3 index was correlated with larger total normal brain volume and hippocampal volume in postmenopausal women measured 8 years later. While normal aging results in overall brain atrophy, lower omega-3 index may signal increased risk of hippocampal atrophy. Future studies should examine whether maintaining higher RBC EPA 1 DHA levels slows the rate of hippocampal or overall brain atrophy.